On Friday, November 22nd 1963 at 12:30 P.M. the 35th president of the

United States of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy assassinated while he

rode in an open limousine though the streets of Dallas. This event, which

abruptly and severely altered the course of history, it has created more

controversy than any other single event. Some haunting questions still

remain. "Who did it?" "Why did they do it?" "How was it done?" "Was there

a cover up" The official answers complied by the Warren Commission have

never satisfied the majority of the world's population. In this following

essay I will try to show who was responsible for the assassination of John

F. Kennedy. I believe the only way to prove that there was a cover up, is

to firstly prove that Lee Harvey Oswald is not the killer.

 

 

The Warren Commission consisting of "various outstanding citizens" was

created to "ascertain, evaluate and report upon the facts relating to the

assassination ... and the subsequent violent death of the man charged with

the assassination Lee Harvey Oswald. The purpose of the Commission was to

examine the evidence developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and

any additional evidence that may hereafter come to light ... to make such

further investigation, as the Commission finds desirable. In less than one

week they found that a 'lone nut' killed JKF.

At no time did the Warren Commission seem to consider the basic legal

rights of Oswald - innocence until proven guilty, the right to legal

representation, or the right to cross-examine witnesses and evidence

against him. There is no way that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin.

Firstly the paraffin test of Oswald's hands and his right cheek conducted

on November 23, 1963, has been positive for his hands but negative for his

cheek. Generally, this is evidence in Oswald's favor, but the Commission

asserted that the test "is completely unreliable in determining either

whether a person has recently fired a weapon or whether he has not."

Nobody saw Oswald on the 6th floor window after 11:55 on November 22nd. 90

seconds after the assassination, Roy Truly and Police officer M. L. Baker

saw Oswald on the second floor. Oswald had to take the stairs down. But

he had just 90 seconds to hide the rifle in the opposite corner of the

sixth floor, run downstairs 4 floors passing Victoria Adams who never saw

him and reach the second floor where he was encountered to be "calm and

collected". The Warren Commission claimed that Oswald fired three shots

in 5.6 seconds from the sixth floor of the Texas Schoolbook Depository.

The first shot was the 'magic bullet' which made a total of seven wounds

on JFK and Connally . Which appeared later in the Parkland Memorial

Hospital - you can see - in an almost pristine condition. The second shot

missed JFK and hit a bystander in the cheek and the third was the fatal

head. The Warren Commission said the third shot hit JFK from behind,

however his head was pushed backwards and to the left. This means the

bullet must of come from the grassy Knoll. Also many witness thought they

heard shots from there. (See graph) Oswald rifle's had poor capability

(experts tried to do the same what Oswald was claimed to have done, but

only one was able to do that! because he got not familiar with the rifle

and the inaccurate attached scope of the rifle. It was near impossible for

him to make the shot in 5.6 seconds

 

"If I had to pick one man in the whole United States to shoot me, I'd pick

Oswald. I saw that man shoot and there's no way he could have ever learned

to shoot well enough to do what they accused him of. I'm one of the best

shots around, and I couldn't have done it." --Sherman Cooley (US Marine,

served with Oswald)

 

If Oswald was not the killer then who would have wanted to see President

Kennedy dead?

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Lyndon Johnson (LBJ)

 

The CIA

 

J. Edgar Hoover

 

The Mafia

 

Anti-Castro Cubans

 

Richard Nixon

 

I am convinced Lyndon Johnson may very well have been involved in the plot

to murder President Kennedy. I believe Johnson probably knew about the

plot ahead of time and either sanctioned it or actively took part in it.

Another possibility, in my view, is that Johnson realized soon after the

shooting that Kennedy had been killed by a conspiracy, and that Johnson

had an idea as to whom had been behind it. In any case, Johnson was a

driving force behind the cover-up that followed. However there is only

circumstantial evidence, but there is a lot against LBJ.

 

The CIA in reference to its alleged involvement in the assassination, are

referring primarily to the CIA's covert action personnel, i.e., those

agents who deal in sabotage, propaganda, and assassination. There is

evidence that suggests that some of the Agency's covert operations

personnel have also taken part in drug trafficking. Most CIA personnel are

not involved in such activities and would be appalled at any attempt to

harm an elected official. The covert operations personnel make up a large

portion of the CIA, and they, along with the Agency's top officials, are

the most powerful group in the CIA. Some high-ranking CIA officials have

attempted to frustrate presidential policies and have initiated or

sanctioned illegal operations, to include working with organized crime.

JFK and the CIA were in a virtual state of war from the moment of the Bay

of Pigs disaster until the day he died. JFK did not trust the CIA and he

reportedly intended to dismantle it after the 1964 election. In Vietnam,

the CIA refused to carry out instructions from the ranking American

official in the country. The CIA ignored President Kennedy's directive

that it not initiate operations requiring greater firepower than a

handgun. It also ignored JFK's orders to stop working with the Mafia. When

Kennedy heard the news that South Vietnam's dictator Ngo Diem had been

murdered by a CIA-backed coup, against his express wishes, he was

outraged. Kennedy was no fan of Diem's, but he did not want to see him

murdered. General Maxwell Taylor wrote that upon learning of Diem's death

JFK "leaped to his feet and rushed from the room with a look of shock and

dismay on his face". Kennedy blamed the CIA for Diem's murder. Kennedy

said he had to "do something about" the CIA and that the Agency should be

stripped of its exorbitant power. On another occasion, Kennedy reportedly

said he would scatter the CIA "into a thousand pieces." One of the more

troubling cases of CIA disobedience to presidential authority was its

behavior in relation to Cuba. In September 1963, long after President

Kennedy had ordered a halt to the covert campaign against Castro, senior

CIA staffers, including the deputy director, Richard Helms, and Desmond

Fitzgerald, the head of the Agency's Cuba unit, approved plans to kill

Castro, without seeking presidential authorization. They also continued

other covert operations against Cuba in violation of the President's

instructions. Needless to say, these CIA officers did not inform the

President of their activities; nor did they inform Congress or the

Attorney General, Robert Kennedy. They didn't even tell then-CIA director

John McCone, probably because he was appointed by President Kennedy

following the Bay of Pigs disaster. In short, as Anthony Summers has

observed, "in September and October 1963--a crucial moment

politically--CIA officers were acting in a way that gravely endangered

White House policy". A key figure linking the Agency to the assassination

was CIA man David Atlee Phillips, who was seen with Oswald a few months

before the shooting. Among many other things, Phillips was the propaganda

chief for the Bay of Pigs operation and later rose to become the chief of

the CIA's Western Hemisphere Division. In 1954 Phillips worked with E.

Howard Hunt and others to overthrow the Arbenz government in Guatemala.

Based on his extensive investigation of Phillips for the Church Committee

and then for the Select Committee, Gaeton Fonzi believes that "David Atlee

Phillips played a key role in the conspiracy to assassinate President

Kennedy". Phillips was in charge of the CIA's Cuban operations in Mexico

City at the time of the assassination, so he was strategically positioned

to frame Oswald, and it is quite possible, if not probable, that he was

involved in the phony Oswald visits to the Cuban embassy. Another former

CIA agent who has come under suspicion is E. Howard Hunt. Hunt, a former

high-ranking covert operator and a propaganda specialist, was a key figure

in the Bay of Pigs invasion. As mentioned, Hunt and David Atlee Phillips

helped to overthrow the Arbenz government in Guatemala. According to

former (and now deceased) CIA operative Frank Sturgis, who knew Hunt well,

Hunt was involved in CIA assassination operations. Hunt has made no secret

of his intense dislike for John Kennedy. To this day, Hunt blames JFK for

the failure at the Bay of Pigs. When Watergate whistleblower John Dean

opened Hunt's private safe, he found bogus telegrams that falsely linked

JFK with the assassination of South Vietnam's corrupt dictator Ngo Dinh

Diem. Where was E. Howard Hunt on November 22, 1963? Hunt has given

conflicting accounts of where he was at the time of the shooting. In his

1985 libel trial in Miami, Florida, the jury concluded Hunt was not being

truthful about his whereabouts on the day of the assassination. Hunt was

believed to be the small "tramp" in the famous "tramp photos." The tramp

photos show three supposed tramps, which were arrested in the railroad

yard behind the grassy knoll shortly after the assassination. The tramps

were found in a freight train that had pulled out from behind the TSBD

without authorization. The railroad tower controller stopped the train

because he knew it did not have permission to depart. The police then

searched the train and found the tramps. In the tramp photos the tramps

are being escorted by some Dallas police officers who are holding

shotguns, presumably on route to the police station. In 1988, 3M's Comtal

Corporation analyzed photos of Hunt and of the third tramp and found a

noticeable resemblance between them. All of this does NOT prove Hunt was

the third tramp, but it is worth noting that he bears a strong resemblance

to a man who was arrested in Dealey Plaza shortly after the assassination.

 

The Mafia had the means, the motive, and the opportunity to assassinate

President Kennedy. Prior to the assassination, various Mafia leaders were

heard to threaten JFK's life. The Mafia were believed to of pay JFK's way

into Power. They thought they had someone in the White House, however JFK

began to crack down on Mafia. On November 20, two Mafia men told Rose

Cheramie that it was common knowledge in the underworld that Kennedy was

about to be killed. Mafia-CIA man David Ferrie was very probably involved

in framing Oswald while he was in New Orleans, and Ferrie engaged in

highly suspicious activity shortly after JFK was shot. And, as mentioned,

a Mafia courier named Eugene Hale Brading was arrested in the Dal-Tex

Building overlooking Dealey Plaza immediately after the shooting. Brading

had an FBI rap sheet with about three dozen arrests. He had met with one

of the sons of avowed Kennedy-hater H. L. Hunt the day before, ostensibly

to discuss some oil business. After he was arrested, Brading gave the

Dallas police an alias, and told them he had merely gone into the building

to use the phone. The police released him a short time later. Without

question, a Mafia man, Jack Ruby, silenced Lee Harvey Oswald before he had

a chance to tell his side of the story. Furthermore, right after the

President's visit to Dallas was announced, Ruby began making numerous

calls to important Mafia contacts all over the country. Ruby, like Eugene

Brading, was in H. L. Hunt's offices the day before the shooting.

Convicted Texas hitman Charles Harrelson has been identified as the tall

man in the famous photos of the three "tramps" who were arrested in the

railroad yard behind Dealey Plaza shortly after the assassination. In the

early 1980s, Harrelson was convicted of murdering federal judge John Wood

with a high-powered rifle, and is currently serving his sentence in a

Texas prison. During the standoff that preceded his arrest, Harrelson not

only confessed to killing Judge Wood, but also said he had been involved

in the Kennedy assassination. Harrelson later retracted his statement

about having taken part in the assassination, claiming he had fabricated

it under the influence of cocaine. When arrested, Harrelson was found to

be carrying the business card of R. D. Matthews, who, was acquainted with

Jack Ruby and with other Dallas crime figures. At Harrelson's trial, Joe

Chagra, the brother of the man who was believed to have hired Harrelson,

testified that Harrelson was given the contract to kill Judge Wood after

he claimed to have participated in the JFK assassination. Indicted along

with Harrelson in the plot to kill Judge Wood was the brother of New

Orleans crime boss Carlos Marcello, who was one of the Mafia figures

identified by the Select Committee as possibly having been involved in the

assassination of President Kennedy. The photos of the tall tramp were

compared with pictures of Harrelson. It was likely that they were same

person. Similarly, police officers trained in photo identification have

that Harrelson definitely appears to be the tall tramp. So far federal

authorities have shown no interest in investigating Harrelson in

connection with any role he might have had in the assassination. Why would

the Mafia have wanted JFK dead? Quite simply, because the Kennedy

administration was threatening the very existence of organized crime in

America. Robert Kennedy was waging an unprecedented war on the Mafia, a

war that targeted not just Mafia operations but also Mafia leaders

themselves. Soon after Lyndon Johnson took over, the war on organized

crime came to a virtual halt. Sam Giancana (real name: Momo Salvatore

Guingano) was a Chicago Mafia boss involved in CIA plots to kill Fidel

Castro. Giancana was also the target of attacks by then Attorney General

Robert F. Kennedy, despite the fact that the Attorney General's own

brother, John Kennedy, had been having an affair with Giancana's paramour,

Judith Exner, starting in March 1960. Further infuriating Giancana, Robert

Kennedy ordered the FBI to shadow his every move so closely that other mob

figures kept their distance from him, effectively isolating him from

business and social associates. Later, out of desperation, Giancana went

to court and obtained an injunction against the FBI.

 

Anti-Castro Cubans could have also been involved in the Assassination of

JFK. The anti-Castro Cubans were admittedly furious with Kennedy over the

failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion but later forgave him because, among

other things, he ransomed 1,200 captured exile troops from Castro. But

there is strong evidence that some anti-Castro Cubans never forgave

Kennedy for the failure at the Bay of Pigs, and many of these same

individuals were furious at Kennedy over his handling of the Cuban Missile

Crisis and over his shutting down of their para-military training camps.

It should be noted that the militant anti-Castro exiles were almost

exclusively under the control of the CIA.

 

Richard Nixon was one of the most corrupt residents in the history of our

republic. If nothing else, I believe Nixon might have had foreknowledge of

the assassination (and obviously did nothing to prevent it). The Nixon

administration repeatedly intervened to quash prosecutions and

investigations of criminal activity in Mafia-dominated labor unions. Nixon

was involved in a number of highly questionable--and, in some cases,

Mob-connected--financial dealings. Nixon pardoned organized crime figures

after the government had spent millions of dollars to put them in jail.

Among those pardoned was Mafia killer Angelo DeCarlo. On one occasion,

recorded on a 1971 Watergate tape, Nixon and his aides discussed using Mob

thugs to attack anti-war protestors. Not surprisingly, by all accounts

the Mafia warmly endorsed and supported Nixon's campaigns. John Davis, an

authority on organized crime, has said, For one thing, there is some

evidence linking him to Jack Ruby. It was reported in a 1947 FBI document

that Jack Ruby had performed "information functions for the staff of

Congressman Richard Nixon". Nixon flew to Dallas on November 20, 1963, two

days before the assassination. Asked later why he had come, he said he was

there to attend a board meeting of the Pepsi-Cola Company. Yet, a

subsequent review of Pepsi-Cola corporate files revealed there was no

record of any Pepsi-Cola board meetings in Dallas in 1963. While in

Dallas, Nixon made comments to the city's newspapers to the effect that

he, unlike President Kennedy, did not need Secret Service protection.

Several researchers believe that this taunting might have contributed to

the decision not to have the Plexiglass bubble top placed on his limousine

on the day of the assassination. He is also believe to have influenced the

mayor of Dallas to change the route of the limousine. The route of JFK's

car was changed for an unknown reason to a more dangerous route. (See map

of route) Nixon left Dallas on the morning of the assassination. However,

during an FBI interview in early 1964, he said the only time he had been

in Dallas in 1963 was two days before Kennedy was killed. It has been said

that Nixon must have been the only adult at the time who could not

remember where he was on November 22, 1963. Why did Nixon tell the FBI he

had not been in Dallas on the day of the murder? What exactly was he doing

there from November 20 till the morning of the assassination?

 

According to none other than Nixon's chief of staff, H. R. Haldeman, Nixon

attempted to force the CIA to assist in thwarting investigations into

Watergate by threatening to expose the CIA's role in the Kennedy

assassination. In connection with this, it is worth mentioning again that

E. Howard Hunt of the CIA was able to blackmail Nixon for a million

dollars. What did Hunt know? As discussed earlier, several researchers

have accused Hunt of complicity in Kennedy's death, and Hunt has given

conflicting accounts of where he was on the day of the shooting.

 

Also several of the people who were hired or considered for employment by

the Nixon White House during Watergate had been connected with the Warren

Commission. Was this just a coincidence? In addition, some of the

operatives and Cuban exiles who were involved in the Bay of Pigs operation

later turned up in the Watergate affair.

 

In my opinion, the principal individuals and forces behind the

assassination were fanatical right-wing elements in the CIA and in the

military, J. Edgar Hoover and Lyndon Johnson. I believe CIA and Mafia

operatives, to include disaffected anti-Castro Cubans, constituted the

largest part of the on-the-ground, operational arm of the plot. I believe

that members of the Dallas law enforcement community were involved in the

Dallas end of the cover-up, and that some of them knowingly allowed Jack

Ruby to murder Oswald. I believe that FBI agents, along with J. Edgar

Hoover, played a major role in most aspects of the cover-up. I believe

Oswald was setup by LBJ, Hoover and the CIA. The magic bullet found

mysteriously, later in the Parkland Memorial Hospital in an almost

pristine condition was planted to match Oswald's rifle. .

 

In my view, the main reasons President Kennedy was killed were

(1) He refused to further escalate American involvement in Vietnam

(2) He was moving to end the Cold War

(3) Mafia's outrage over his war on organized crime.

 

Just below these reasons, I would list LBJ's lust for the presidency, J.

Edgar Hoover's hatred of JFK and his desire to remain director of the FBI

and Kennedy's reported intent to drastically reorganize or dismantle the

CIA.

 

By G Taylor

 

Bibliography

 

Jim Marrs CROSSFIRE: THE PLOT THAT KILLED KENNEDY, New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers,

1989.

 

James DiEugenio, DESTINY BETRAYED: JFK, CUBA, AND THE GARRISON CASE, New York:

Sheridan Square Press, Inc., 1992.

 

Harrison Edward Livingstone, HIGH TREASON 2, New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1992.

 

www.ourworld.compuserve.com/homepage/MGriffith/suspects.htm

 

J.F.K. & the cold war

 

Urs Schwarz, John F. Kennedy, C.J. Bucher Ltd 1964

 

Elizabeth Greenup, Case Studies in Modern History, 1987

 

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